نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران
2 استاد حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران
3 دانشیار حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران
4 دانشیار حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Right to public defender that has been anticipated in remark 2 of article 190 and article 348 Criminal Procedure Law is based on equality before the law, prevention of wrongful conviction of innocence and state's obligation to access to justice for citizenship. Presence research with adoption of qualitative method seeks to evaluate performance of public defender in defense of poor accused in jurisprudence of Kashan. Findings of this research suggest that they with acceptance of their client's guilty want to judge apply legal leniencies bodies. Furthermore these lawyers have not trend to challenge with judges. The consequence is that the poor defendants face with the prosecution so that they have not enough facilities. It is required to the judicial branch have an interaction with lawyers. As well it is necessary to Bar Association supervise on the lawyer's performance and administrative sanctions anticipated. Definition of lawyer's fee according to working hours also can be effective.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
12. American Bar Association (1995). The Crisis in Indigent Defense (Washington, D.C.: ABA).
13. Ashworth Andrew (2010), Sentencing and Criminal Justice, Cambridge University Press, Fifth edition.
14. Blumberg S., Abraham (1967). The practice of law as a confidence game: Organizational cooperation of a profession, Law and Society Review, 1.
15. Boillat Philippe, ÓFlaherty Michael (2016). Handbook on European Law relating to access to justice, Luxembourg, Publication Office of the European Union.
16. Chambliss T. William (1995). Another Lost War: The Costs and Consequences of Drug Prohibition, Social Justice, Vol 22, No. 2 (60).
17. Heffernan C. William and Kleinig John (2000). From Social Justice to Criminal Justice, Oxford University Press.
18. Holden Pauline, Balkin Steven (1985), Quality and Cost Comparisons of Private Bar Indigent Defense System: Contract vs. Ordered Assigned Counsel, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Volume 76, Issue 1.
19. Jayawickrama Nihal (2002), The Judicial Application of Human Rights Law; National, Regional and International Jurisprudence, Cambridge University Press.
20. Lassiter v. Department of Social Services (2017/4/28), available at: https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/452/18
21. McIntyre J. Lisa (1987). The Public Defender: The Practice of Law in the Shadows of Repute, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
22. McLaughlin Eugene and Muncie John (2001). The Sage Dictionary of Criminology, Sage Publication, First Published.
23. Neubauer W. David (2008). America's Courts and the Criminal Justice System. Ninth Edition, Thomson Wadsworth.
24. Paying for Justic ( 2017/4/20). Available at: http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2000-01-16/news/0001160046_1_federal-courts-out-of-court-work-criminal-justice-system
25. Rattner Arye, Turjeman Hagit, Fishman Gideon (2008). Public versus private defense: Can money buy justice?, Journal of Criminal Justice, 36.
26. Sepúlveda Carmona Magdalena and Donald Kate (2008). Access to justice for persons living in poverty: a human rights approach, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD).
27. Skolnick H. Jerome (1967). Social control in the adversary system, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 11.
28. Soros George and Hasan Abed Fazle (2012). Rule of Law can Rid the World of Poverty, Financial Times, 28.
29. Spohn Cassia and DeLone Miriam (2000). when does race matter? An analysis of the conditions under which race affects sentence severity, Sociology of Crime and Deviance, 2.
30. Sterling J. S (1983). Retained Counsel vs. the Public Defender: The Impact of Type of Counsel on Charge Bargaining, in The Defense Coundel 151 (McDonald ed).
31. Sue Backus Mary and Marcus Paul (2005). The Crisis in Indigent Defense: A National Perspective, The Journal of the Virginia Trial Lawyers Association, Fall/ Winter.
32. Turvey E. Brent, Cooley M. Caraig (2014). Miscarriage of justice, Actual innocence, forensic evidence, and law, Academic Press.
)