Armstrong , Karen. (1961).The Retributivist Hits Back. Mind. Vol 70.
Bagaric , Mikro and Amarasekara , Kumar. (2000). The Errors of Retributivism. Melbourne University Law Review, Vol 24.
Bentham, Jeremy.(1843) The Works of Jeremy Bentham( Vol. 1). Ed J. Bowring, Edinburgh: William Tait.
Cottingham , John. (1979). Varieties of Retribution. The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol 29.
Dagger, Richard. (1993). Playing Fair with Punishment. Ethics, Vol 103.
Davis , Michael. (1983). How to Make the Punishment Fit the Crime.Ethics. Vol 93.
Duff , Antony .(2011)Retrieving Retributivism. In Retributivism, Essays on Theory and Policy edited by M. D. White, New York: Oxford University Press.
_____________.(2001). Punishment, Communication and Community. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
____________.(2003).Penance,Punishment and the Limits of Community. Punishment & Society, Vol 5.
Feinberg , Joel. (1994).The Expressive Function of Punishment. In A Reader on Punishment.edited by Antony Duff and David Garland, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
Gardner, Martin R.(1976) .
The Renaissance of Retribution-An Examination of Doing Justice. Wisc. L. Rev, Vol 23.
Hampton, Jean. (1984). The Moral Education Theory of Punishment. Philosophy & Public Affaires, Vol 13.
Hegel, Georg Friedrich. (2008).Outlines Of The Philosophy Of Right. Translated by T. Knox, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Honderich, Ted.( 2006). Punishment: The Supposed Justifications. London: Pluto press.
Kant, Immanuel. (1999).Metaphysical Elements of Justice.Translated by John Ladd, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company.
_____________.(2002).Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by E. a. Wood, New York: Yale University.
Kaufmann, Walter.( 1973). Without Guilt and Justice: From Decidophobia to Autonomy. New York: Peter H. Wyden, Inc.
Mabbott , J. D. (1939).Punishment. Mind, Vol 48.
Moore, Michael.(1988). The Moral Worth of Retribution. In Responsibility, Character, and the Emotions: New Essays in Moral Psychology. Ed F.Schoeman, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Morris, Herbert. (1994).A Paternalistic Theory of Punishment. In A Reader on Punishment.edited by Antony Duff and David Garland, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Murphy, Jeffry. (1994).Kant: The Philosophy of Right, Georgia: Mercer University Press.
Murphy, Jeffry. (1987).Does Kant Have a Theory of Punishment?. Columbia Law Review, Vol 87.
Quinton , Anthony.(1954).On Punishment. Analysis, Vol 14.
Von Hirsch, Andrew.( 1994). Censure and Proportionality. In A Reader on Punishment. Edited by Antony Duff and David Garland, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
_______________. and Ashworth, Andrew.(1992). Not Not Just Deserts: A Response to Braithwaite and Pettit. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies,Vol 12.
_______________. (2003). Proportionate Sentencing: Exploring the Principles, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Walker , Nigel.(1994). Reductivism and Deterence. In A Reader on Punishment. Edited by Antony Duff and David Garland, Oxford, Oxford University Press.