Penal Nature of Terrorist Financing

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

The fight against terrorism is one of the main concerns of the international community. The different approaches to political, military and legal in this regard will be designed and implemented. One of the ways many have noted that the international instruments; combating the financing of terrorism. In the majority of these international instruments as discussed with money laundering takes place, because experts believe there are many similarities between the two. This approach until major financial resources through the financial support of the rich and the government was providing was efficient But today's developments in terrorist groups can not be measures taken to fight money laundering and terrorist financing Terrorist groups today gain its financial resources from land occupied and organized crime. In other words, we can say that today the world is faced with economic terrorism. Accordingly, for designed Efficient system for fight against terrorism financing, must be in addition to money laundering measures recommended in the documents relating to organized crime, as well as our attention. Unfortunately, in our country so far have not criminalize the financing of terrorism in an independent manner and that the bill under consideration in parliament and the Guardian Council set with the approach of the alliance between money laundering and financing of terrorism. This article In addition to an analysis of changing patterns of terrorist financing efficient policy in this area will also be examined.

Keywords

References

  1. منابع

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    ب) لاتین

    A. Books and Articles

    1. Adames, James, (1986), The Financing of Terror, London: New English Library.
    2. Barrett, Richard, (2012), PREVENTING THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, Vol. 44 Issue 3.
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    5. Dandurand, Yvon(2004), LINKS BETWEEN TERRORISM AND OTHER FORMS OF CRIME, International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy
    6. F. Kohlmann, Evan,(2006), THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC CHARITIES IN INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST RECRUITMENT AND FINANCING , Printed in Denmark by Vesterkopi, free of charge from www.diis.dk
    7. FATF REPORT,(2015),Financing of the Terrorist Organisation Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant
    8. Gertz, B,(2015), “New al Qaeda Group Produces Recruitment Material for Americans, Westerners” The Washington Free Beacon,http://freebeacon.com/national-security/new-al-qaeda-groupproduces-recruitment-material-for-americans-westerners
    9. Global Terrorism Index 2015, MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM, INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMIC&PEACE
    10. Gonzalez, Elsie,(2013), 'The Nexus between Human Trafficking and Terrorism,Organized Crime: Combating Human Trafficking By Creating a Cooperative Law Enforcement System', Student Scholarship
    11. Jean-François ,Thony,(2002), MONEY LAUNDERING AND TERRORISM FINANCING: AN OVERVIEW , see in https://.imf.org/
    12. 12-Kantor, Mark(2002), Effective enforcement of international obligation to suppress the financing of terror,American Society of international law
    13. M. Cherif, Bassioun,,(2001),Investigating International Trafficking In Women And Children For Commercial Sexual Exploitation, THE INTER-AMERICAN CHILDREN'S INSTITUTE OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,2 Int’l Human Internationale
    14. Maher,S.,and Carter,J (2015),“Analyzing the ISIS‘twitter storm”,WarontheRocks, see in: http://warontherocks.com/2014/06/analyzing-the-isis-twitter-storm/
    15. Marin, Florica,(2015), TERRORISM FINANCING. CONNECTIONS TO ORGANIZED CRIME, CRIMINAL LAW REVIEW see in http://www.criminallawreview.eu/
    16. Miller, G. (2014), “Airstrikes against Islamic State do not seen to have affected flow of fighters to Syria”, Washington Post,
    17. Muhyadin Ahmed Roble,(2010), Al-Shabaab Razes Somali Forests to Finance Jihad, TERRORISM MONITOR see in: http:y/www.jamestown.org/ uploads/media/TM_008_dadc5d.pdf.
    18. Schott.Paul Allan,(2006),Refrence Guid to Anti money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism The Word Bank.Second Edition
    19. Shelley, Louise I,(2014), 'ISIS, Boko Haram, and the Growing Role of Human Trafficking in 21st Century Terrorism", Cambridge University Press
    20. TERRORIST FINANCING(2008),FATF,see in www.faftf-gafi.org
    21. Warrick, J.(2013) “Private Donations Give Edge to Islamists in Syria, Officials Say”, The Washington Post, www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/private-donations-give-edge-toislamists-in-syria-officials-say/

    B. Documents and Conventions

    1. Afghanistan Opium Survey 2014/UNODC REPORT NOVEMBER 2014Survey
    2. Country Reports on Terrorism 2013/ United States Department of State Publication /Released April 2014
    3. E.U.Directive on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering and terrorist financing,2005/60/EC
    4. International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism,1999
    5. International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation the FATF Recommendations,2012
    6. Security Council /Resolution 1373 (2001)/ see in:United Nations S/RES/1373(2001)
    7. Security Council /Resolution 2133 (2014)/ see in: United Nations S/RES/2133(2014)
    8. Security Council /Resolution 2161 (2014)/ see in: United Nations S/RES/2161(2014)
    9. Security Council /Resolution 2166 (2014)/ see in: United Nations S/RES/2166(2014)
    10. Security Council /Resolution 2170 (2014)/ see in: United Nations S/RES/2170(2014)
    11. Security Council /Resolution 2199 (2015)/ see in: United Nations S/RES/2199(2015)
    12. Security Council /Resolution 2253 (2015)/ see in: United Nations S/RES/2253(2015)
    13. Security Council /Resolution 731 (1992)/ see in: United Nations S/RES/731(1992)
    14. Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001
    15. UNODC Model Money Laundering,Proceeds of Crime and Terrorist Financing Bill 2003

    C. Internet sites

    1. http://www.mefa.ir/
    2. http://www.state.gov/j/ct/list/c14151.htm
    3. http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl2308.aspx
    4. http://www.vox.com/2015/5/19/8625459/isis-cash-nyt
    5. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/oct/23/isis-best-funded-terrorist-group-earth-treasury/?page=all

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