Application of Subjective and Objective Criteria in Justifications

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Payam Nour University, Iran

Abstract

Realization of justifications, such as criminal act oneself, requires components and
elements that we establish them based on two sets of criteria: objective and
subjective criteria.This means that, to resort to a justification, it is necessary that
external conditions required for that defense be achieved. On the other hand, it is
necessary the perpetrator meets the required real defense, namely he has done it with
intent and knowledge. So, a complete justification is a defense that his perpetrator
both has external or objective condition on one hand, and subjective or internal
condition on the other hand. But sometimes, we see that only one of the two above
mentioned conditions exist. For example, in despite of existence of external
conditions related to one justification, the perpetrator lacks required mens rea.
Criminal law in this section has been the centre of conflicts of subjectivists and
objectivists and each brings its own argument. In contrast, sometimes despite the
absence of required external and objective conditions, the perpetrator has done his
act in the direction of a justification. In this case, criminal law will resort to
subsidiary criteria, namely reasonableness criteria. So, if the act of perpetrator in that
circumstances being reasonable, he finds relief from responsibility.

Keywords

References

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